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Merfyn Frych ('Merfyn the Freckled'; , ''Mermin''), also known as Merfyn ap Gwriad ('Merfyn son of Gwriad') and Merfyn Camwri ('Merfyn the Oppressor'),〔Wade-Evans, Arthur. ''Welsh Medieval Law''. 1909. Accessed 31 Jan 2013.〕 was King of Gwynedd from around 825 to 844, the first of its kings known not to have descended from the male line of Cunedda. Little is known of his reign, and his primary notability is as the father of Rhodri the Great and founder of his dynasty, which was sometimes called the Merfynion after him.〔E.g., in Charles-Edwards, T. ''(Wales and the Britons, 3501064 )''. Oxford Univ. Press, 2012. Accessed 26 Feb 2012.〕 Merfyn came to the throne in the aftermath of a bloody dynastic struggle between two rivals named Cynan and Hywel generally identified with the sons of Rhodri Molwynog,〔, ''Brut y Saeson''.〕 despite that putting both men well into their 70s or 80s at the time〔Wolcott, Darrell. ''Ancient Welsh Studies''. "(Governance of Gwynedd, 754825 )". Accessed 5 Feb 2013.〕 at a time when the kingdom had been under pressure from Mercia.〔In 823 Mercia devastated Powys and burned Deganwy. , ''Brut y Saeson''.〕 The ''Annales Cambriae'' say Merfyn died around 844, the same year in which a battle occurred at Cetyll,〔Old Welsh: ''Ketill''〕 but it is unclear whether those were two unrelated events or he fell in battle.〔''Mermin moritur. Gueith cetill.'' , ''Annales Cambriae''.〕〔Lloyd notes that some later copyists had invented a definite connection of the battle with Mercia and Merfyn, where no such connection was stated in the original source. , ''A History of Wales, Vol I''.〕 == Political background == The times leading up to Merfyn's reign were unsettled for both Gwynedd and neighboring Powys. Both kingdoms were beset by internal dynastic strife, external pressure from Mercia, and bad luck with nature. In 810, there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle (the primary form of wealth at the time) throughout Wales. The next year, the ancient wooden llys at Deganwy was struck by lightning. A destructive war for control of Gwynedd raged between 812 and 816, while in Powys a son of the king was killed by his brother "through treachery". In 818, there was a notable battle at Llanfaes on Anglesey. Although our sources do not identify the combatants, the site had been the llys of King Cynan.〔, ''A History of Wales, Vol I''〕 Coenwulf of Mercia took advantage of the situation in 817, occupying Rhufoniog (see map) and laying waste to the mountains of Snowdonia. Coastal Wales along the Dee Estuary must have remained under Mercia through 821, as Coenwulf is recorded dying peacefully at Basingwerk in that year. In 823, Mercia laid waste to Powys and returned to Gwynedd to burn Deganwy to the ground. Gwynedd and Powys then gained a respite when Mercia's attention turned elsewhere and its fortunes waned. King Beornwulf was killed fighting the East Anglians in 826, his successor Ludeca suffered the same fate the following year, and Mercia was conquered and occupied by Ecgberht of Wessex in 829. Though Mercia managed to throw off Ecgberht's rule in 830, it was thereafter beset by dynastic strife and never regained its former dominance, either in Wales or eastern England. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Merfyn Frych」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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